In Pursuit of Inclusive Institutional Growth: A Comparative Pattern of Selected Asian Countries

The study compares less developed countries (LDCs) with middle developed countries (MDCs) in the retrospect of Inclusive growth embracement. Fixed effect and random effect (FEM) have been employed to compare the both data sets of countries and then based upon results, policies have been formulated which could accelerate inclusive growth in LDCs. Results suggest that growth acceleration and institutions alone doesn’t have a significant impact on inclusive growth. On the other hand, if growth acceleration occurs in the presence of institutions, it leads to inclusive growth in MDCs& LDCs. Except for health quality, no independent variable has significant impact on inclusive growth in LDCs. Whereas, nearly all independent variables showed significant impact on inclusive growth in MDCs. Unlike MDCs, inclusive growth remains impervious in LDCs, particularly owing to the poor quality of education. Weak institutional structure further adds to the miseries of LDCs. The study suggests that LDCs are trapped at only necessary condition of inclusive growth i.e. GDP per capita income growth. If they wish to achieve high inclusive growth, they must also take care of sufficient condition of inclusive growth i.e. change in their institutional structure. This could be done by following the leading variables to inclusive growth; which includes primarily expansion in Health and educational quality

Deployment of Mobile Learning in Advanced Education Foundations

M-learning alludes to any sort of realizing which happens inside and past the customary learning condition by means of remote cell phones These gadgets can move with the student to permit learning whenever anyplace M-learning is considered the subsequent stage past electronic learning E-learning and separation learning D-learning by utilizing versatile remote gadgets with web availability to encourage formal and casual learning Higher education condition needs to include a few perspectives as far as the status of clients and foundations users acknowledgment and engagement and the manageability of the framework There are some underlying models that research the usage of M-learning which give a few rules that work as the beginning stage for the fate of M-learning arrangement Notwithstanding there is no hypothetical model that gives rules to an organized arrangement of M-learning Also there was no certain meaning of supportability factors that will guarantee proceeds with assessment and overhaul of M-learning frameworks after sending The points of this exploration work are to think about students status for M-learning examine the variables that influence students acknowledgment and break down M-learning writing keeping in mind the end goal to propose and assess a model which can be utilized to cultivate the supportable arrangement of M-learning inside instructing and learning systems in advanced education foundation

In Pursuit of Inclusive Institutional Growth: A Comparative Pattern of Selected Asian Countries

The study compares less developed countries (LDCs) with middle developed countries (MDCs) in the retrospect of Inclusive growth embracement. Fixed effect and random effect (FEM) have been employed to compare the both data sets of countries and then based upon results, policies have been formulated which could accelerate inclusive growth in LDCs. Results suggest that growth acceleration and institutions alone doesn’t have a significant impact on inclusive growth. On the other hand, if growth acceleration occurs in the presence of institutions, it leads to inclusive growth in MDCs& LDCs. Except for health quality, no independent variable has significant impact on inclusive growth in LDCs. Whereas, nearly all independent variables showed significant impact on inclusive growth in MDCs. Unlike MDCs, inclusive growth remains impervious in LDCs, particularly owing to the poor quality of education. Weak institutional structure further adds to the miseries of LDCs. The study suggests that LDCs are trapped at only necessary condition of inclusive growth i.e. GDP per capita income growth. If they wish to achieve high inclusive growth, they must also take care of sufficient condition of inclusive growth i.e. change in their institutional structure. This could be done by following the leading variables to inclusive growth; which includes primarily expansion in Health and educational quality

THE INFLUENCE OF ARABIC AND PERSIAN LANGUAGES ON MULLA FAZIL'S POETRY

Mulla Fazil is considered to be one of the pioneer poets of the nineteenth century, whose poetry has many linguistic twists and turns.  Arabic and Persian vocabularies dominate his poetry to the extent that Balochi becomes a secondary language. By the way, it is not Fazil alone, Arabic and Persian left drastic imprints on the Balochi poetry composed during the era. These impacts have occurred at both academic and religious levels because most of the poets were studying at seminaries where Persian and Arabic were taught. The Arabic and Persian words and themes appear in a majority of his poems, at the same time, in each of his poems. Some stanzas are entirely in Arabic or Persian language. Most of the poets of the “Balochi Middle Age” were well versed in the Arabic and Persian languages. Consequently, a wide chunk of Arabic and Persian words entered Mulla Fazil's poetry, which has been demonstratively discussed in the following article

Motor Vehicle Drivers\u27 Knowledge of Safely Traversing Highway-Rail Grade Crossings

This study investigates motor vehicle drivers’ socioeconomic, personality, and attitudinal factors associated with their knowledge of safely traversing highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs). A survey of randomly selected Nebraska households solicited responses from licensed drivers (N= 980, response rate = 39 percent). Of the total thirty-one questions on the questionnaire, nine pertained to respondents’ knowledge of safely navigating HRGCs (e.g., what does a crossbuck sign require a driver to do when approaching a rail crossing?). Correct answers to the questions provided a measure of respondents’ knowledge of safely traversing HRGCs and led to their classification in five ordered categories. A random parameter probit model then assessed associations among respondents’ socioeconomic, personality, and attitudinal characteristics and the five ordered categories of their HRGC negotiation knowledge. The estimated model revealed that drivers with lower education levels, unemployed drivers, those 11 that disliked waiting at HRGCs, and those who did not receive information on HRGC safety had lower 12 levels of knowledge of safely negotiating HRGCs. Attentive drivers at HRGCs and those who routinely 13 stopped in response to active train warning devices (even if they had a chance to get across before train 14 arrival) were associated with higher levels of knowledge. Drivers who had negative or indifferent 15 attitudes toward HRGCs or engaged in risky driving behaviors were less knowledgeable about safe 16 HRGC navigation. The research findings are useful for targeted driver education and traffic safety 17 programs, safety professionals, and policymakers engaged in HRGC safety

Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation in patients with ischemic stroke at a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Material and methods: All the cases of ischemic stroke (171), fulfilling inclusion criteria was recruited from indoor and outdoor of Department of General Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan from May 2015 to June 2017. These patients were investigated for the presence of atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and obesity and data was analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: A total of 171 patients with ischemic stroke were taken. Of these 171 patients, 112 (65.5%) were male patients while 59 (34.5%) were female patients. Mean age of our patients was 58.32 ± 12.06 years, ranging from 41 to 81 years while 54 (31.6%) were aged up to 50 years and 119 (69.6%) were aged more than 50 years. Of these 171 patients, 52 (30.4%) were from rural and 119 (69.6%) from urban areas, 87 (50.9%) belonged to poor families and 84 (49.1%) belonged to middle income families. Sixty-six (38.6%) were diabetic and 106 (62%) were hypertensive. Mean body mass index was 25.39 ± 3.81 kg/m2 with obesity was present in 46 (26.9%) while 66 (38.6%) were smokers and all smokers were male patients. Atrial fibrillation was noted in 72 (42.1%) in ischemic stroke patients. Conclusion: Frequency of atrial fibrillation was high in our study among patients with ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with male gender, smoking. diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Keywords: Ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, risk factors

The Frequency of Stress Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patient Without a History of Diabetes

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of stress hyperglycemia in hospitalized patient without a history of diabetes. Material and methods: One hundred thirty seven patients admitted in ward, were selected in this cross-sectional study using non-probability consecutive sampling from department of medicine Nishtar Hospital Multan from March 2016 to April 2017 and SPSS - 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: Of these 137 study cases, 74 (54 %) were male patients while 63 (46 %) were females. Mean age of our study cases was 48.35 ± 12.11 years ranging from 22 to 78 years and majority of our study cases i.e. 89 (65 %) were aged more than 40 years of age. Of these 137 study cases, 60 (43.8%) were from rural areas while 77 (56.2%) were from urban areas. Mean body mass index (BMI) of our study cases was 23.54 ± 2.87 kg/m2. Obesity was present in 19 (13.9 %) of our study cases while 80 (58.4%) were from poor families and 57 (41.6%) were from middle income background. Eighty seven (63.5%) were illiterate and 50 (36.5%) were literate. Family History of diabetes was present in 39 (28.5 %) of our study cases. Majority of our study cases i.e. 39 (28.5 %) presented with stroke followed by 33 (24.1%) patients with chronic liver diseases. Mean HbA1C was noted to be 5.01 ± 0.31 %; ranging from 4.6 % to 5.6%. Stress hyperglycemia was noted in 41 (29.9 %) of our study cases. Conclusion: Our study results have reported a high frequency of stress hyperglycemia in non – diabetic patients admitted to a medical ward. Stress hyperglycemia was significantly associated with male gender, increasing, obesity, family history of diabetes, presenting complaints and baseline HbA1C. Our study results suggest to monitor blood glucose levels of all non – diabetic patients admitted in medical wards to diagnose stress hyperglycemia which leads to poor clinical outcomes and high mortality if left untreated. Keywords: Stress hyperglycemia, non – diabetic, frequency

Natural Resource Conservation, Poverty Alleviation, and Farmer Partnership

Agriculture has now been seen in its multiple roles like contributing to development as an economic activity, source of livelihood, provider of environmental services and a unique instrument to overall development. As an economic activity, it is a source of growth for national economy, food security, foreign exchange as well as provider of investment opportunities for agro-based industries and rural non-farm economy. As source of livelihood, it provides jobs to majority of the people, especially the small holders, landless and the poor. In terms of environmental services, being the major player in underground water depletion, agrochemical pollution, soil exhaustion and global climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture can create good and bad environmental outcomes. Its environmental contributions in managing watersheds and preserving biodiversity are generally unrecognised and unremunerated. Agriculture has well established record as an instrument for poverty reduction1 as well as a leading sector for overall growth in the agriculture-based countries of the world [World Bank (2007)]. In future, agriculture has to commit more promises (e.g. bio-fuel) to the nation without compromising over primary responsibility of food security along with poverty alleviation, conservation of natural resource base, environment protection etc. Unfortunately, the agriculture has been vastly underused for development

BRDF of human skin in the visible spectrum

© Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose - Significant research has been carried out in terms of development of new bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) instruments; however, there is still little research available regarding spectral BRDF measurements of human skin. This study aims to investigate the variation in human skin reflectance using a new fibre optic-based spectral-BRDF measurement device. Design/methodology/approach - Design of this system mainly involves use of multiple fibre optics to illuminate and detect light reflected from a sample, whereas a hemispherical dome was 3D printed to mount the fibres at various slant/tilt angles. To investigate the spectral differences in BRDF of human skin, 3 narrowband filters in the visible spectrum were used, whereas measurements were taken from the back of the hand for Caucasian and Asian skin types. Findings - The experiments demonstrate that the BRDF of human skin varies with wavelengths in the visible spectrum and it is also different for Caucasian and Asian skin types. Both skin types exhibit off-specular reflection with increase in angle of incidence and show less variation with respect to viewing angles when the angle of incidence is normal to the surface. Research implications - A database of spectral BRDF measurements of human skin will help not only in creating realistic skin renderings but also in development of novel skin reflectance models for biomedical and machine vision applications. The measurements would also provide means to validate the predictions from existing light transport/spectral simulation models for human skin and will ultimately help in the accurate diagnosis and simulation of various skin disorders. Originality/value - The proposed system provides fast scatter measurements by utilising multiple fibres to detect light simultaneously at different angles while also allowing easy switching between incident light directions. Due to its flexible design and contact-based measurements, the device is independent of errors due to sample movements and does not require any image registration. Also, measurements taken from the device show that the BRDF of skin varies significantly in the visible spectrum and it is different for Caucasian and Asian skin types